Table 11. Early Oct. Planted, Knoxville, TN, Forage Quality

Table 11-a. By location mean forage quality of 36 cover crop varieties and 8 mixes planted in early Oct. 2020, in small plot replicated trials, at the East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, in Knoxville, Tennessee, and evaluated from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021.

Variety	Common Name	CP¶				ADF¶				NDF¶
		Apr		May		Apr		May		Apr		May
Cereals
Bates RS4	Cereal Rye	8.3	OP	5.8	O-R	34.8	A-C	39.8	A-D	64.1	AB	71.1	A
Elbon	Cereal Rye	9.3	M-P	5.4	O-R	31.1	C-G	40.6	A-C	60.3	BC	71.5	A
NF95319B	Cereal Rye	6.6	P	4.1	R	37.3	A	42.0	A	66.3	A	70.9	A
NF97325	Cereal Rye	8.5	N-P	5.2	P-R	35.4	AB	39.6	A-D	65.3	AB	70.3	A
NF99362	Cereal Rye	9.1	M-P	4.7	QR	34.3	A-D	41.4	AB	64.6	AB	72.3	A
TriCal Ray	Cereal Rye	7.9	OP	5.3	O-R	35.4	AB	40.6	A-C	65.8	AB	69.6	A
Yankee	Cereal Rye	12.9	H-L	7.2	M-Q	23.7	N-T	41.0	AB	48.4	E-H	73.0	A
TriCal EXP 20T06	Triticale	9.0	M-P	7.2	M-Q	29.2	E-K	34.5	E-I	56.3	CD	62.3	B
TriCal EXP 21T01	Triticale	9.2	M-P	8.2	L-O	27.3	G-N	33.6	G-J	52.3	D-F	62.6	B
TriCal Flex 719	Triticale	11.7	J-M	8.1	L-P	25.1	L-S	36.9	B-H	50.5	EF	70.7	A
TriCal Surge	Triticale	10.4	L-O	6.9	N-R	26.2	I-Q	37.5	A-H	52.1	D-F	69.4	A
TN1902	Wheat	11.5	K-N	8.2	L-O	23.1	P-T	29.6	J-M	44.5	G-J	57.0	B-D
Legumes
FIXatioN	Clover, Balansa	15.1	F-I	17.7	E-H	24.7	L-S	24.3	NO	40.3	J-O	30.1	KL
Paradana	Clover, Balansa	16.1	D-G	17.0	F-H	24.2	M-T	25.9	L-O	38.0	K-O	31.7	J-L
Taipan	Clover, Balansa	15.3	E-I	15.1	HI	24.7	L-S	26.9	L-O	40.1	J-O	33.0	JK
Viper	Clover, Balansa	13.8	G-K	16.5	F-H	27.1	H-O	25.9	L-O	42.8	H-L	32.2	JK
Frosty	Clover, Berseem	19.2	A-C	19.6	C-F	21.9	ST	26.3	M-O	31.6	Q-S	34.2	JK
Lightning	Clover, Berseem	18.2	B-E	19.4	D-G	23.7	N-T	27.1	L-O	34.9	O-S	33.7	JK
*UF_CC_17	Clover, Crimson	14.7	F-J	15.2	HI	25.9	J-R	33.9	F-J	38.5	K-O	40.9	I
Dixie	Clover, Crimson	14.9	F-I	15.4	HI	23.1	P-T	33.9	F-J	35.4	N-R	41.3	HI
Kentucky Pride	Clover, Crimson	15.7	E-H	16.5	GH	26.3	I-P	31.3	I-L	35.5	N-R	37.8	IJ
GO-PER-12	Clover, Persian	14.9	F-I	20.7	B-D	24.8	L-S	19.2	PQ	39.0	J-O	24.6	LM
Dynamite	Clover, Red	17.3	C-F	21.0	B-D	24.0	M-T	22.7	OP	37.4	L-P	29.8	KL
Q (FL24D)	Clover, Red	15.7	E-H	21.1	B-D	25.4	K-S	22.4	OP	38.3	K-O	28.1	KL
*UF_WC_LateOcoee	Clover, White	14.2	G-K	23.6	AB	26.2	I-P	16.1	Q	42.1	I-L	18.3	M
*UF_WC_ML17	Clover, White	13.5	G-K	22.2	B-D	27.2	G-N	17.5	Q	43.2	H-K	20.8	M
AU Merit	Vetch, Hairy	21.3	A	26.1	A	22.3	Q-T	24.2	NO	29.7	S	28.8	KL
Patagonia	Vetch, Hairy	20.9	AB	25.7	A	22.1	R-T	25.0	M-O	32.0	P-S	30.0	KL
WinterKing	Vetch, Hairy	21.4	A	26.5	A	22.5	P-T	22.9	OP	30.2	RS	27.8	KL
Survivor	Winter Pea	18.9	A-D	22.5	BC	20.5	T	23.1	N-P	30.7	Q-S	29.9	KL
Brassicas
Vivant	Hybrid (turnip x rapeseed)	13.5	G-K	10.0	J-M	27.9	F-M	39.8	A-D	39.3	J-O	51.2	D-G
Aerifi	Radish	14.8	F-I	12.9	IJ	28.2	F-L	39.3	A-D	41.5	J-M	50.4	E-G
CCS-779	Radish	14.5	F-K	11.0	J-L	30.4	D-H	39.0	A-E	43.2	H-K	48.5	FG
Driller	Radish	14.4	F-K	12.4	I-K	29.9	E-I	35.9	C-I	42.0	I-L	47.4	GH
FragiBlaster	Radish	13.9	G-K	9.6	K-N	29.9	E-I	38.7	A-F	41.5	J-M	49.1	E-G
Jackpot	Turnip	14.4	F-K	9.8	K-N	27.8	F-M	40.0	A-D	39.7	J-O	51.6	C-G
Mixes
Bates RS4 (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	12.3	I-L	10.7	J-L	33.0	B-E	37.7	A-G	53.4	DE	57.5	B-D
Bates RS4 (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	14.0	G-K	14.8	HI	31.6	B-F	35.5	D-I	50.8	D-F	55.2	C-E
Bates RS4 (10%) + Dixie (90%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	13.0	H-L	10.6	J-L	29.7	E-J	39.5	A-D	49.3	E-G	57.8	BC
Bates RS4 (10%) + AU Merit (90%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	15.4	E-H	16.4	H	29.5	E-J	33.5	G-J	47.4	F-I	49.7	E-G
Yankee (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	14.9	F-I	13.0	IJ	22.9	P-T	35.4	D-I	41.3	J-M	54.1	C-F
Yankee (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	17.4	C-F	17.4	F-H	22.6	P-T	32.6	H-K	40.7	J-N	49.3	E-G
TN1902 (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Wheat + Crimson Clover	14.9	F-I	11.2	JK	22.7	P-T	35.6	D-I	38.8	J-O	53.3	C-G
TN1902 (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Wheat + Hairy Vetch	19.8	A-C	20.5	C-E	23.3	O-T	27.9	K-N	36.0	M-Q	39.0	IJ
Cereals
Average		9.5		6.4		30.2		38.1		57.5		68.4
Min		6.6		4.1		23.1		29.6		44.5		57.0
Max		12.9		8.2		37.3		42.0		66.3		73.0
Range		6.3		4.1		14.2		12.4		21.8		16.0
Legumes
Average		16.7		20.1		24.3		24.9		36.6		30.7
Min		13.5		15.1		20.5		16.1		29.7		18.3
Max		21.4		26.5		27.2		33.9		43.2		41.3
Range		7.9		11.5		6.7		17.8		13.5		23.0
Brassicas
Average		14.3		11.0		29.0		38.8		41.2		49.7
Min		13.5		9.6		27.8		35.9		39.3		47.4
Max		14.8		12.9		30.4		40.0		43.2		51.6
Range		1.3		3.3		2.6		4.2		3.9		4.2
Mixes
Average		15.2		14.3		26.9		34.7		44.7		52.0
Min		12.3		10.6		22.6		27.9		36.0		39.0
Max		19.8		20.5		33.0		39.5		53.4		57.8
Range		7.5		9.9		10.3		11.7		17.4		18.9
Across Groups
Average		14.1		14.1		27.0		32.2		44.4		47.4
Standard Error		3.7		6.5		4.3		7.4		10.2		16.5
Min		6.6		4.1		20.5		16.1		29.7		18.3
Max		21.4		26.5		37.3		42.0		66.3		73.0
Range		14.8		22.4		16.7		25.9		36.6		54.6
ANOVA p-values
– Variety		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
– Location		<0.001		<0.001		N.S.		0.014		<0.001		<0.001
– Variety x Location		0.017		0.084		0.026		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001

† Varieties that have any MS letter in common are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P<0.05). Mean separation letters are highlighted in dark orange for values that are not statistically different from the highest value across all entries within a given trait. Mean values between the 50th and 75th percentile are highlighted in light orange, mean values above the 75th percentile are highlighted in dark orange. § For analysis, values transformed using (value)^2 due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡ For analysis, values transformed using log (value+1) due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡‡ Non-normal distribution, means reported ¶ Analyzed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the appropriate calibration for each species. Reported on a 100% DM basis. †† Estimated using quality constituents from NIRS inputted into the UGA cover crop nitrogen calculator.

Table 11-b. By location mean forage quality of 36 cover crop varieties and 8 mixes planted in early Oct. 2020, in small plot replicated trials, at at the East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, in Knoxville, Tennessee, and evaluated from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021.

Variety	Common Name	Ash¶				Fat¶				Lignin¶
		Apr		May		Apr		May		Apr†		May
Cereals
Bates RS4	Cereal Rye	1.9	N	0.1	T	2.1	N-P	1.6	R-U	4.7	A-H	6.6	D-M
Elbon	Cereal Rye	2.5	N	0.4	ST	2.3	H-O	1.7	Q-T	3.7	G-M	6.6	D-M
NF95319B	Cereal Rye	2.1	N	0.2	ST	1.8	P	1.2	U	5.4	A	7.0	D-I
NF97325	Cereal Rye	2.4	N	1.1	R-T	2.1	OP	1.6	R-U	4.9	A-E	6.8	D-J
NF99362	Cereal Rye	2.2	N	0.0	T	2.3	K-P	1.4	TU	4.6	A-H	6.7	D-L
TriCal Ray	Cereal Rye	2.1	N	0.7	R-T	2.1	N-P	1.5	S-U	5.0	A-C	7.2	C-G
Yankee	Cereal Rye	3.2	MN	1.9	R	3.2	A	2.2	G-N	2.5	O	6.4	E-N
TriCal EXP 20T06	Triticale	2.6	N	1.6	RS	2.2	L-P	1.8	M-S	3.1	J-O	5.2	O-R
TriCal EXP 21T01	Triticale	3.5	L-N	0.8	R-T	2.4	F-O	1.8	N-T	2.9	K-O	5.2	O-S
TriCal Flex 719	Triticale	2.8	N	0.7	R-T	2.7	A-K	2.0	K-R	2.6	NO	5.6	L-Q
TriCal Surge	Triticale	2.3	N	0.6	R-T	2.6	C-O	1.8	O-T	2.4	O	5.5	M-Q
TN1902	Wheat	3.1	MN	1.1	R-T	2.8	A-J	2.2	F-M	2.6	M-O	4.8	P-T
Legumes
FIXatioN	Clover, Balansa	7.6	A-C	9.0	DE	3.0	A-C	2.1	H-P	3.6	H-N	5.0	P-T
Paradana	Clover, Balansa	8.2	AB	9.6	B-D	3.0	A-D	2.5	A-I	3.7	F-L	5.5	K-Q
Taipan	Clover, Balansa	7.5	A-D	8.9	DE	3.0	A-D	2.2	E-O	3.7	G-L	5.9	G-Q
Viper	Clover, Balansa	6.9	A-H	9.0	C-E	2.8	A-J	2.2	D-M	4.3	B-I	5.5	J-Q
Frosty	Clover, Berseem	7.7	A-C	9.1	C-E	2.8	A-J	2.6	A-E	4.0	C-K	5.0	P-T
Lightning	Clover, Berseem	8.2	AB	8.9	DE	2.8	A-J	2.4	C-J	3.8	E-K	5.2	O-R
*UF_CC_17	Clover, Crimson	7.1	A-E	6.7	H-K	2.6	B-N	2.1	J-P	4.7	A-G	7.5	B-E
Dixie	Clover, Crimson	6.9	A-G	7.0	G-J	2.7	A-L	1.9	L-R	3.9	D-K	7.3	C-F
Kentucky Pride	Clover, Crimson	7.9	A-C	7.0	G-J	2.4	E-O	2.0	J-Q	4.6	A-H	6.8	D-K
GO-PER-12	Clover, Persian	7.8	A-C	10.5	A-C	2.7	A-L	2.5	A-H	3.8	F-L	3.2	U
Dynamite	Clover, Red	7.4	A-D	8.5	D-F	2.9	A-G	2.6	A-D	3.7	F-L	4.0	S-U
Q (FL24D)	Clover, Red	7.5	A-D	8.7	DE	2.7	A-L	2.6	A-F	4.0	C-K	4.1	R-U
*UF_WC_LateOcoee	Clover, White	7.0	A-F	11.4	A	2.9	A-E	2.7	A-C	3.9	C-K	3.1	U
*UF_WC_ML17	Clover, White	6.8	A-H	11.0	AB	2.7	A-L	2.6	A-F	4.2	C-J	3.4	U
AU Merit	Vetch, Hairy	7.3	A-E	8.4	D-G	2.7	A-L	2.8	A	4.5	A-H	5.3	N-Q
Patagonia	Vetch, Hairy	7.2	A-E	8.1	D-H	2.8	A-I	2.6	A-F	3.9	D-K	5.3	N-Q
WinterKing	Vetch, Hairy	8.2	AB	9.0	DE	2.8	A-K	2.8	A	4.5	A-H	4.8	Q-T
Survivor	Winter Pea	8.3	A	9.1	C-E	2.8	A-H	2.5	A-G	3.2	J-O	4.0	TU
Brassicas
Vivant	Hybrid (turnip x rapeseed)	6.2	C-K	4.3	O-Q	2.4	G-O	2.3	C-K	4.9	A-D	9.1	A
Aerifi	Radish	6.6	B-I	6.5	I-L	2.4	G-O	1.6	R-U	4.9	A-E	9.1	A
CCS-779	Radish	6.4	C-K	6.4	I-M	2.2	M-P	1.7	P-T	5.4	A	8.6	AB
Driller	Radish	6.2	C-K	5.9	J-N	2.3	J-O	1.8	M-S	5.3	AB	7.6	B-D
FragiBlaster	Radish	6.4	C-J	5.0	M-P	2.3	K-P	1.6	R-U	5.3	AB	8.2	A-C
Jackpot	Turnip	5.7	E-K	5.2	L-P	2.7	B-M	2.4	B-J	4.8	A-F	9.3	A
Mixes
Bates RS4 (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	5.3	F-K	3.9	PQ	2.3	I-O	1.9	M-S	4.6	A-H	6.6	D-M
Bates RS4 (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	5.2	H-L	3.5	Q	2.4	H-O	2.1	I-P	4.5	A-H	6.7	D-L
Bates RS4 (10%) + Dixie (90%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	5.1	I-L	4.6	N-Q	2.5	D-O	1.6	R-U	4.5	A-H	7.0	D-H
Bates RS4 (10%) + AU Merit (90%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	5.9	D-K	5.7	J-O	2.5	D-O	2.2	F-M	4.5	A-H	5.9	H-P
Yankee (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover	4.7	J-M	5.8	J-N	3.0	A-C	2.3	D-L	2.9	K-O	5.8	I-Q
Yankee (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch	5.2	G-K	7.1	F-J	3.1	AB	2.6	A-F	2.7	L-O	5.3	N-Q
TN1902 (20%) + Dixie (80%)	Wheat + Crimson Clover	4.7	K-M	5.5	K-O	2.9	A-F	2.0	K-R	3.4	I-O	6.3	F-O
TN1902 (20%) + AU Merit (80%)	Wheat + Hairy Vetch	6.9	A-H	7.8	E-I	2.8	A-J	2.8	AB	3.9	D-K	5.4	N-Q
Cereals
Average		2.6		0.8		2.4		1.7		3.7		6.1
Min		1.9		0.0		1.8		1.2		2.4		4.8
Max		3.5		1.9		3.2		2.2		5.4		7.2
Range		1.6		1.9		1.3		1.0		3.1		2.4
Legumes
Average		7.5		8.9		2.8		2.4		4.0		5.1
Min		6.8		6.7		2.4		1.9		3.2		3.1
Max		8.3		11.4		3.0		2.8		4.7		7.5
Range		1.6		4.7		0.6		0.9		1.5		4.4
Brassicas
Average		6.2		5.5		2.4		1.9		5.1		8.7
Min		5.7		4.3		2.2		1.6		4.8		7.6
Max		6.6		6.5		2.7		2.4		5.4		9.3
Range		0.9		2.2		0.5		0.8		0.6		1.7
Mixes
Average		5.4		5.5		2.7		2.2		3.9		6.1
Min		4.7		3.5		2.3		1.6		2.7		5.3
Max		6.9		7.8		3.1		2.8		4.6		7.0
Range		2.2		4.2		0.7		1.2		1.9		1.7
Across Groups
Average		5.6		5.6		2.6		2.1		4.0		6.0
Standard Error		2.1		3.5		0.3		0.4		0.8		1.5
Min		1.9		0.0		1.8		1.2		2.4		3.1
Max		8.3		11.4		3.2		2.8		5.4		9.3
Range		6.4		11.4		1.3		1.6		3.1		6.2
ANOVA p-values
– Variety		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
– Location		<0.001		<0.001		N.S.		N.S.		<0.001		<0.001
– Variety x Location		0.018		0.048		N.S.		N.S.		<0.001		<0.001