Table 23-a. By location mean forage quality of 36 cover crop varieties and 8 mixes planted in early Nov. 2020, in small plot replicated trials, at the Middle Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, in Knoxville, Tennessee, and evaluated from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021.
| Variety | Common Name | CP¶ | ADF¶ | NDF¶ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr | May | Apr | May | Apr | May | ||||||||
| Cereals | |||||||||||||
| Bates RS4 | Cereal Rye | 10.7 | LM | 8.2 | M | 32.4 | A | 38.6 | AB | 62.4 | A | 69.7 | A |
| Elbon | Cereal Rye | 11.5 | J-M | 8.8 | LM | 28.9 | B-E | 36.8 | A-C | 56.5 | B | 68.2 | A |
| NF95319B | Cereal Rye | 10.0 | M | 7.5 | M | 32.4 | A | 39.7 | A | 60.9 | AB | 72.1 | A |
| NF97325 | Cereal Rye | 12.6 | I-M | 7.7 | M | 30.5 | A-C | 39.8 | A | 58.9 | AB | 70.4 | A |
| NF99362 | Cereal Rye | 10.9 | K-M | 8.7 | LM | 31.4 | AB | 39.0 | A | 61.5 | AB | 70.8 | A |
| Yankee | Cereal Rye | 14.9 | F-I | 9.9 | LM | 24.9 | F-K | 29.5 | GH | 48.8 | C | 58.7 | B |
| TN1902 | Wheat | 13.8 | H-K | 11.0 | KL | 26.4 | E-I | 27.2 | HI | 48.7 | C | 52.5 | CD |
| Legumes | |||||||||||||
| Paradana | Clover, Balansa | 13.2 | I-L | 15.9 | F-J | 31.3 | AB | 29.9 | E-H | 37.5 | E-G | 33.1 | HI |
| Taipan | Clover, Balansa | 13.7 | H-L | 15.0 | H-J | 30.5 | A-C | 30.2 | F-H | 41.4 | DE | 35.4 | HI |
| Viper | Clover, Balansa | 15.4 | E-I | 17.0 | E-H | 30.5 | A-D | 30.8 | D-H | 37.4 | E-H | 34.8 | G-I |
| Lightning | Clover, Berseem | 18.2 | E | 21.3 | CD | 30.0 | A-D | 25.1 | IJ | 39.0 | E-G | 30.4 | IJ |
| Dixie | Clover, Crimson | 18.4 | DE | 18.4 | E-G | 23.1 | I-L | 27.0 | HI | 28.6 | IJ | 30.6 | IJ |
| AU Merit | Vetch, Hairy | 24.6 | AB | 25.1 | B | 21.5 | KL | 24.1 | IJ | 24.7 | JK | 26.3 | JK |
| Patagonia | Vetch, Hairy | 23.9 | AB | 21.8 | CD | 24.2 | G-L | 27.0 | HI | 27.6 | IJ | 30.5 | IJ |
| WinterKing | Vetch, Hairy | 26.7 | A | 28.4 | A | 21.0 | L | 21.8 | J | 22.1 | K | 23.0 | K |
| Brassicas | |||||||||||||
| Vivant | Hybrid (turnip x rapeseed) | 16.3 | E-H | 13.1 | JK | 24.9 | F-K | 33.8 | C-F | 32.2 | HI | 43.3 | EF |
| Aerifi | Radish | 14.8 | F-I | 13.2 | I-K | 27.3 | C-G | 34.5 | B-D | 34.7 | GH | 42.2 | EF |
| Jackpot | Turnip | 14.5 | G-J | 14.4 | H-J | 28.8 | B-E | 33.9 | C-E | 37.2 | E-H | 42.9 | EF |
| Mixes | |||||||||||||
| Bates RS4 (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 13.4 | H-L | 12.8 | JK | 29.3 | A-E | 36.7 | A-C | 48.0 | C | 55.3 | BC |
| Bates RS4 (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 18.8 | C-E | 18.2 | E-G | 26.2 | E-J | 31.4 | D-G | 39.9 | EF | 44.5 | EF |
| Bates RS4 (10%) + Dixie (90%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 15.1 | F-I | 15.3 | H-J | 28.2 | B-F | 33.5 | C-F | 45.6 | CD | 47.2 | DE |
| Bates RS4 (10%) + AU Merit (90%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 17.8 | EF | 18.9 | D-F | 26.9 | D-H | 30.6 | D-H | 41.5 | DE | 43.7 | EF |
| Yankee (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 17.0 | E-G | 16.0 | G-I | 22.8 | J-L | 29.1 | GH | 38.4 | E-G | 44.3 | EF |
| Yankee (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 21.3 | B-D | 19.2 | DE | 24.4 | G-L | 28.8 | GH | 35.2 | F-H | 41.3 | E-G |
| TN1902 (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Wheat + Crimson Clover | 17.0 | E-G | 16.7 | E-H | 25.1 | F-K | 27.5 | HI | 36.0 | F-H | 39.4 | F-H |
| TN1902 (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Wheat + Hairy Vetch | 21.8 | BC | 22.2 | C | 23.7 | H-L | 24.6 | IJ | 34.4 | GH | 34.0 | HI |
| Cereals | |||||||||||||
| Average | 12.1 | 8.8 | 29.6 | 35.8 | 56.8 | 66.1 | |||||||
| Min | 10.0 | 7.5 | 24.9 | 27.2 | 48.7 | 52.5 | |||||||
| Max | 14.9 | 11.0 | 32.4 | 39.8 | 62.4 | 72.1 | |||||||
| Range | 4.9 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 19.6 | |||||||
| Legumes | |||||||||||||
| Average | 19.3 | 20.4 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 32.3 | 30.5 | |||||||
| Min | 13.2 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 23.0 | |||||||
| Max | 26.7 | 28.4 | 31.3 | 30.8 | 41.4 | 35.4 | |||||||
| Range | 13.5 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 19.3 | 12.3 | |||||||
| Brassicas | |||||||||||||
| Average | 15.2 | 13.6 | 27.0 | 34.1 | 34.7 | 42.8 | |||||||
| Min | 14.5 | 13.1 | 24.9 | 33.8 | 32.2 | 42.2 | |||||||
| Max | 16.3 | 14.4 | 28.8 | 34.5 | 37.2 | 43.3 | |||||||
| Range | 1.8 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 1.1 | |||||||
| Mixes | |||||||||||||
| Average | 17.8 | 17.4 | 25.8 | 30.3 | 39.9 | 43.7 | |||||||
| Min | 13.4 | 12.8 | 22.8 | 24.6 | 34.4 | 34.0 | |||||||
| Max | 21.8 | 22.2 | 29.3 | 36.7 | 48.0 | 55.3 | |||||||
| Range | 8.4 | 9.4 | 6.5 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 21.3 | |||||||
| Across Groups | |||||||||||||
| Average | 16.4 | 15.6 | 27.2 | 31.2 | 41.5 | 45.6 | |||||||
| Standard Error | 4.4 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 14.9 | |||||||
| Min | 10.0 | 7.5 | 21.0 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 23.0 | |||||||
| Max | 26.7 | 28.4 | 32.4 | 39.8 | 62.4 | 72.1 | |||||||
| Range | 16.7 | 20.9 | 11.4 | 18.1 | 40.4 | 49.1 | |||||||
| ANOVA p-values | |||||||||||||
| – Variety | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| – Location | <0.001 | <0.001 | N.S. | 0.014 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| – Variety x Location | 0.017 | 0.084 | 0.026 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
† Varieties that have any MS letter in common are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P<0.05). Mean separation letters are highlighted in dark orange for values that are not statistically different from the highest value across all entries within a given trait. Mean values between the 50th and 75th percentile are highlighted in light orange, mean values above the 75th percentile are highlighted in dark orange. § For analysis, values transformed using (value)^2 due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡ For analysis, values transformed using log (value+1) due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡‡ Non-normal distribution, means reported ¶ Analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the appropriate calibration for each species. Reported on a 100% DM basis. †† Estimated using quality constituents from NIRS inputted into the UGA cover crop nitrogen calculator.
Table 23-b. By location mean forage quality of 36 cover crop varieties and 8 mixes planted in early Nov. 2020, in small plot replicated trials, at the East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, in Knoxville, Tennessee, and evaluated from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021.
| Variety | Common Name | Ash¶ | Fat¶ | Lignin¶ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr | May | Apr | May | Apr† | May | ||||||||
| Cereals | |||||||||||||
| Bates RS4 | Cereal Rye | 3.5 | J | 2.4 | HI | 2.5 | GH | 2.1 | HI | 4.0 | F-K | 5.8 | D-G |
| Elbon | Cereal Rye | 4.4 | H-J | 1.8 | I | 2.7 | E-H | 2.4 | F-I | 3.7 | J-L | 5.6 | D-H |
| NF95319B | Cereal Rye | 4.5 | H-J | 1.7 | I | 2.4 | H | 2.1 | HI | 4.0 | F-K | 5.8 | C-F |
| NF97325 | Cereal Rye | 4.3 | IJ | 2.8 | HI | 2.8 | D-H | 2.1 | I | 3.9 | H-L | 6.0 | C-E |
| NF99362 | Cereal Rye | 3.9 | J | 2.1 | HI | 2.6 | F-H | 2.2 | HI | 4.0 | G-K | 6.2 | CD |
| Yankee | Cereal Rye | 5.8 | G-I | 2.8 | HI | 3.5 | AB | 2.7 | B-D | 3.6 | KL | 3.5 | JK |
| TN1902 | Wheat | 6.8 | E-G | 3.5 | H | 3.0 | C-E | 2.6 | B-F | 2.9 | L | 2.9 | K |
| Legumes | |||||||||||||
| Paradana | Clover, Balansa | 8.6 | A-D | 9.1 | A-C | 3.3 | A-C | 2.3 | F-I | 7.3 | AB | 6.5 | B-D |
| Taipan | Clover, Balansa | 7.7 | B-F | 9.5 | AB | 3.1 | B-E | 2.4 | D-I | 6.1 | CD | 6.7 | BC |
| Viper | Clover, Balansa | 9.2 | A-C | 10.6 | A | 3.0 | B-F | 2.3 | E-I | 6.7 | A-C | 6.2 | C-E |
| Lightning | Clover, Berseem | 9.2 | AB | 9.7 | AB | 3.0 | C-F | 2.6 | B-F | 5.3 | DE | 4.7 | HI |
| Dixie | Clover, Crimson | 8.2 | B-E | 8.7 | B-D | 2.5 | GH | 2.1 | HI | 4.9 | E-H | 5.6 | D-G |
| AU Merit | Vetch, Hairy | 9.2 | AB | 8.3 | B-E | 2.9 | C-H | 2.9 | A-C | 4.5 | E-K | 4.9 | G-I |
| Patagonia | Vetch, Hairy | 9.4 | AB | 8.8 | B-D | 2.9 | C-G | 2.9 | A-C | 5.1 | D-F | 5.5 | D-H |
| WinterKing | Vetch, Hairy | 10.2 | A | 8.7 | B-D | 3.0 | B-E | 3.1 | A | 4.5 | E-K | 4.2 | IJ |
| Brassicas | |||||||||||||
| Vivant | Hybrid (turnip x rapeseed) | 8.4 | B-E | 6.9 | EF | 2.9 | D-H | 2.4 | E-I | 6.7 | BC | 8.4 | A |
| Aerifi | Radish | 8.1 | B-E | 7.6 | C-F | 3.0 | B-E | 2.2 | HI | 7.9 | A | 8.7 | A |
| Jackpot | Turnip | 8.0 | B-E | 5.1 | G | 3.1 | A-E | 2.3 | G-I | 7.6 | AB | 7.4 | B |
| Mixes | |||||||||||||
| Bates RS4 (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 6.0 | F-H | 5.2 | G | 2.7 | E-H | 2.2 | HI | 4.5 | E-K | 5.6 | D-G |
| Bates RS4 (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 7.3 | C-G | 6.4 | FG | 2.9 | C-G | 2.6 | C-G | 4.8 | E-J | 5.2 | E-H |
| Bates RS4 (10%) + Dixie (90%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 6.2 | FG | 5.5 | G | 2.8 | D-H | 2.2 | HI | 4.3 | E-K | 5.7 | D-G |
| Bates RS4 (10%) + AU Merit (90%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 6.9 | E-G | 6.3 | FG | 2.9 | D-H | 2.7 | B-F | 4.8 | E-I | 5.1 | F-I |
| Yankee (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Cereal Rye + Crimson Clover | 7.1 | D-G | 5.1 | G | 3.5 | A | 2.7 | B-E | 3.7 | I-L | 4.3 | IJ |
| Yankee (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Cereal Rye + Hairy Vetch | 8.6 | A-D | 7.0 | EF | 3.0 | C-E | 2.8 | A-C | 5.1 | D-F | 5.0 | F-I |
| TN1902 (20%) + Dixie (80%) | Wheat + Crimson Clover | 8.3 | B-E | 6.2 | FG | 3.1 | A-E | 2.4 | D-H | 5.1 | D-G | 4.7 | HI |
| TN1902 (20%) + AU Merit (80%) | Wheat + Hairy Vetch | 8.0 | B-E | 7.4 | D-F | 3.2 | A-D | 2.9 | AB | 4.6 | E-K | 4.3 | IJ |
| Cereals | |||||||||||||
| Average | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 5.1 | |||||||
| Min | 3.5 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | |||||||
| Max | 6.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 6.2 | |||||||
| Range | 3.4 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 3.2 | |||||||
| Legumes | |||||||||||||
| Average | 9.0 | 9.2 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | |||||||
| Min | 7.7 | 8.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 4.2 | |||||||
| Max | 10.2 | 10.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 6.7 | |||||||
| Range | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 2.4 | |||||||
| Brassicas | |||||||||||||
| Average | 8.2 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 8.1 | |||||||
| Min | 8.0 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | |||||||
| Max | 8.4 | 7.6 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 7.9 | 8.7 | |||||||
| Range | 0.4 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | |||||||
| Mixes | |||||||||||||
| Average | 7.3 | 6.1 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 5.0 | |||||||
| Min | 6.0 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 4.3 | |||||||
| Max | 8.6 | 7.4 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | |||||||
| Range | 2.6 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||||||
| Across Groups | |||||||||||||
| Average | 7.2 | 6.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | |||||||
| Standard Error | 1.9 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||||||
| Min | 3.5 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | |||||||
| Max | 10.2 | 10.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 7.9 | 8.7 | |||||||
| Range | 6.8 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.7 | |||||||
| ANOVA p-values | |||||||||||||
| – Variety | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| – Location | <0.001 | <0.001 | N.S. | N.S. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| – Variety x Location | 0.018 | 0.048 | N.S. | N.S. | <0.001 | <0.001 |
† Varieties that have any MS letter in common are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P<0.05). Mean separation letters are highlighted in dark orange for values that are not statistically different from the highest value across all entries within a given trait. Mean values between the 50th and 75th percentile are highlighted in light orange, mean values above the 75th percentile are highlighted in dark orange. § For analysis, values transformed using (value)^2 due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡ For analysis, values transformed using log (value+1) due to non-normal distribution. Untransformed means and summary statistics are reported. ‡‡ Non-normal distribution, means reported ¶ Analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the appropriate calibration for each species. Reported on a 100% DM basis. †† Estimated using quality constituents from NIRS inputted into the UGA cover crop nitrogen calculator.
Virginia Sykes vsykes@utk.edu
- Table 1. 2021 Total entry numbers - December 26, 2021
- Table A-35. Mean yields and agronomic data from Memphis, TN, MG-5 - December 23, 2021
- Table A-34. Mean yields and agronomic data from Jackson, TN, MG-5 - December 22, 2021